Method and system for matchmaking connections within a gaming social network

ABSTRACT

Techniques for recommending and establishing connections between users within a gaming social network, designed for connecting users having common gaming interests or characteristics. Embodiments include methods for recommending connections from members of an out-of-game social network, the gaming social network, and gaming activity participants; evaluating user profile information and user characteristics in a gaming social network and gaming activity in a game networking system to determine an appropriate set of connections for a selected user; and presenting graphical user interface content and configurations to enable the suggestion, review, and accepting of recommended connections in the gaming social network.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/637,341, filed on Jun. 29, 2017, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/075,943, filed on Mar. 21, 2016,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/560,838,filed on Jul. 27, 2012, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/512,772, filed on Jul. 28,2011, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/605,606,filed on Mar. 1, 2012, each of which is hereby incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to games and applications ingeneral and, in particular embodiments, to computer-implemented socialnetworks operating in connection with the games and applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation inthe figures of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1a illustrates a system configured for implementing variousdisclosed example embodiments.

FIG. 1b illustrates a system configured for implementing variousdisclosed example embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an in-game social network and anout-of-game social network within a social graph.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example database system configured to storeinformation related to a gaming social network according to one exampleembodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example database system configured to storeinformation related to user profile information for a gaming socialnetwork according to one example embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus providing a set of modules toimplement connection recommendations based on user profiles in a gamingsocial network according to an example embodiment.

FIGS. 6a and 6b illustrates a flowchart of a method for recommendingconnections to a gaming social network user according to an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 6c illustrates a flowchart of a method for determining game playneighbours from multiple out-of-game social networks.

FIG. 7 illustrates a graphical user interface enabling a display of, andinteraction with, recommended connections in a gaming social networkaccording to an example embodiment.

FIG. 8 illustrates a graphical user interface enabling a display of, andinteraction with, recommended and user-requested connections in a gamingsocial network according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 9 illustrates a graphical user interface enabling a display of, andinteraction with recommended connections in a gaming social networkbased on user activity in the gaming social network according to anexample embodiment.

FIG. 10 illustrates a graphical user interface enabling a display of,and interaction with, recommended connections in a gaming social networkwith use of a summarized connection profile according to an exampleembodiment.

FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C illustrate a graphical user interface enablingthe display of, and interaction with a potential connection in a gamingsocial network using various example configurations of a summarizedconnection profile according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method for providing invitations torecommended connections and establishing connections to the recommendedconnections in a gaming social network according to an exampleembodiment.

FIG. 13 illustrates a system configured for implementing variousdisclosed example embodiments.

FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of an example data flow between thecomponents of a system.

FIG. 15 illustrates a network environment, in which various exampleembodiments may operate.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example computing system architecture, which maybe used to implement a server or a client system and deploy one or moreof the methodologies described herein.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding ofvarious embodiments of the present subject matter. It will be evident,however, to those skilled in the art that various embodiments may bepracticed without these specific details.

Various techniques are described herein for providing game functionalityand features related to recommending, establishing, and maintainingconnections between various members (“users”) of a gaming socialnetwork. A gaming social network, further described in the followingdisclosure, includes a social network of connected users, who areconnected as a result of common activities, interests, interactions, orotherwise in one or more games or a gaming environment.

Many network-connected games are designed for interaction betweenmultiple players, and offer various levels of engagement betweencooperative or competitive users and other users with common interestsin gaming. Various networked gaming systems offer the ability to connectusers (e.g., to “friend” users) to conduct shared game experiences andgaming sessions, but fail to assist a user with establishing a robustsocial network that can engage in game play on a regular basis. A lackof social connection within network-connected games or portabilitybetween social networks for network-connected games may result in usersreducing the amount of game play, obtaining less enjoyment with gameplay, or even neglecting or leaving the gaming social network.

An example embodiment described herein provides a more efficientplatform for game play and access to social networks associated withgame play. For example, a social gamming network can automaticallyassociate with a game-player “neighbors” or candidate individuals forin-game gameplay, chat, or other interaction from multiple out-of-gamesocial networks. A game-player's in-game neighbors can be based on thegame-player's one or more out-of-game social networks and thegame-player's in-game interactions with other game-players who may ormay not be in one of those out-of-game social networks. In an example, agame-player's in-game neighbors can be automatically assigned byselecting individuals from the game-player's one or more out-of-gamesocial networks that have previously or are currently playing the gamethe game-player is participating in.

An example embodiment, auto-neighboring can be based on how a player isauthenticated into the gaming system. Social graphs from multiple socialnetworks (e.g., Yahoo!®, Facebook®, Google+®, e-mail contacts, in-gamefriends, etc.) can be provided to the gamming system, thereby increasingthe size of the player's potential in-game neighbors. In the gamingsystem the player can access a larger number of friends than would beavailable from a single network, and offer or suggest game-play, giftin-game resources, or perform other game-related interactionsindependently of how the player and each of the player's neighborsaccessed the gaming system.

For example, by being informed of an existing Facebook connection orrelationship, the gaming system can provide an automatic game-playerrelationship between the connections because gaming system knows bothplayers have an out-of-game (i.e., Facebook) connection. In oneembodiment an in-game social connection can be formed based on theimported out-of-game relationship and data indicating that one or moremembers of the player's social network have previously participated orestablished an account with the gaming system. Additionally, if multiplegame-players have previously accessed the gaming system the system canmaintain a database of which one or more games each of the individualsplay and suggest coordinated or competitive game play of mutual gamesthat have been previously played by the contacts when both are connectedto the gamming system. A player's in-game enjoyment of a game can beincreased by accurately and automatically suggesting friends orneighbors to the player by suggesting or automatically linking theplayer's profile to game players who have a mutual interest in the gamethe player is playing.

An example embodiment described herein provides dynamic matchmakingtechniques to select and recommend appropriate social networkconnections, and assist users to establish and populate connectionswithin the gaming social network. Producing a recommendation of a newgaming social network connection may be based on a variety ofcharacteristics, including gaming engagement, gaming experience,compatibility to a matched user, gaming social network activity,non-gaming social network activity, and like factors.

In an example embodiment, matching potential connections is based onvarious profile characteristics obtained from a user profile in thegaming social network. User profile characteristics relevant to matchinga selected user to a potential connection may include analyzing data orinformation stored for: gaming social network connections, game actions,social actions, reputation data, location information, or temporalinformation of the user and the potential connection. Connectionrecommendations may be produced in an attempt to connect the selecteduser with more distant or unknown connections of his or her socialnetwork that may otherwise be overlooked or unknown.

To encourage the adoption of user connection recommendations and theexpansion of a selected user's gaming social network, a variety of userinterface enhancements and process flows may be provided. These userinterface enhancements may, for example, include providing informationto the selected user that is relevant to the recommended connection'sactivity and skill within selected games. Additionally or instead, theuser interface enhancements provided to assist the selected user withfinding connections may include a display of calculated metrics forrecommended connections, such as a “helpfulness” rating, determiningwhether mutual connections exist with any of the selected user'sexisting connections in a gaming or an out-of-game social network, andthe like. Displaying relevant gaming information to accompany theconnection recommendations of the gaming social network may also assistthe selected user to understand the basis for the recommended connectionand encourage adoption of the recommendations.

Although the aspects of the present invention are described below withreference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident thatvarious modifications and changes may be made to these embodimentswithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention.Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. In particular, althoughthe present disclosure is focused on various example embodiments of agaming social network maintained separate from an out-of-game or thirdparty social network service, it will be recognized that the techniquesdescribed herein may also be integrated within numerous variations of asingle social network service or offering. Similarly, the gaming socialnetwork service may comprise a combination of multiple in-game socialnetworks or social groups designated for game play in connection withone or many games or applications.

Example System

FIG. 1a is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system 100 forimplementing various disclosed embodiments. In particular embodiments,system 100 comprises user(s) 101, game networking system 120, clientsystem 130, and network 160. The one or more users(s) 101 may also bereferred to as one or more player(s); and the player(s) may also bereferred to as the user(s) 101. The components of system 100 can beconnected to each other in any suitable configuration, using anysuitable type of connection. The components may be connected directly orover a network 160, which may be any suitable network. For example, oneor more portions of network 160 may be an ad hoc network, an intranet,an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network(LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN(WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, aportion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cellulartelephone network, another type of network, or a combination of two ormore such networks.

Game networking system 120 is a network-addressable computing systemthat can host one or more online games. Game networking system 120 cangenerate, store, receive, and transmit game-related data, such as, forexample, game account data, game input, game state data, and gamedisplays. Game networking system 120 can be accessed by the othercomponents of system 100 either directly or via network 160. Player 101may use client system 130 to access, send data to, and receive data fromgame networking system 120. Client system 130 can access game networkingsystem 120 directly, via network 160, or via a third-party system.Client system 130 can be any suitable computing device, such as apersonal computer, laptop, cellular phone, smart phone, computingtablet, and the like.

Although FIG. 1a illustrates a particular number of players 101, gamenetworking systems 120, client systems 130, and networks 160, thisdisclosure contemplates any suitable number of players 101, gamenetworking systems 120, client systems 130, and networks 160. AlthoughFIG. 1a illustrates a particular arrangement of player 101, gamenetworking system 120, client system 130, and network 160, thisdisclosure contemplates any suitable arrangement of player 101, gamenetworking system 120, client system 130, and network 160.

The components of system 100 may be connected to each other using anysuitable connections 110. For example, suitable connections 110 includewireline (such as, for example, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or DataOver Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)), wireless (such as,for example, Wi-Fi or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX)) or optical (such as, for example, Synchronous Optical Network(SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)) connections. Inparticular embodiments, one or more connections 110 each include one ormore of an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, aWLAN, a WAN, a WWAN, a MAN, a portion of the Internet, a portion of thePSTN, a cellular telephone network, or another type of connection, or acombination of two or more such connections. Connections 110 need notnecessarily be the same throughout system 100. One or more firstconnections 110 may differ in one or more respects from one or moresecond connections 110. Although FIG. 1a illustrates particularconnections between player 101, game networking system 120, clientsystem 130, and network 160, this disclosure contemplates any suitableconnections between player 101, game networking system 120, clientsystem 130, and network 160. As an example and not by way of limitation,in particular embodiments, client system 130 may have a directconnection to game networking system 120, thereby bypassing network 160.

FIG. 1b illustrates an example of a system for implementing variousdisclosed embodiments. In particular embodiments, the system 150comprises player 102, a social networking system 108.1, and a gamenetworking system 108.2, client device 104, and a network 106. Thecomponents of system 150 can be connected to each other in any suitableconfiguration, using any suitable type of connection such as connections110. The components may be connected directly or over a network 106,which may be any suitable network.

The client device 104 may be any suitable computing device (e.g.,devices 104.1-104.n), such as a smart phone 104.1, a personal digitalassistant (PDA) 104.2, a mobile phone 104.3, a computing tablet 104.4, apersonal computer 104.n, a laptop, and the like. The client device 104may access the social networking system 108.1 or the game networkingsystem 108.2 directly, via the network 106, or via a third-party system.For example, the client device 104 may access the game networking system108.2 via the social networking system 108.1. The player 102 can use theclient device 104 to play the virtual game, and access relevantinformation of the player and the player's connections in the gamingsocial network.

Social networking system 108.1 may include a network-addressablecomputing system that can host one or more social graphs (see, forexample, FIG. 2) and may be accessed by the other components of system150 either directly or via the network 106. The social networking system108.1 may generate, store, receive, and transmit social networking data.Moreover, the game networking system 108.2 may include anetwork-addressable computing system (or systems) that can host one ormore virtual games, for example, online. The game networking system108.2 may generate, store, receive, and transmit game-related data, suchas, for example, game account data, game input, game state data, andgame displays. The game networking system 108.2 may be accessed by theother components of system 150 either directly or via the network 106.The player 102 may use the client device 104 to access, send data to,and receive data from the social networking system 108.1, the gamenetworking system 108.2, or a combination of multiple networkingsystems.

Although FIG. 1b illustrates a particular number of players 102, socialnetworking systems 108.1 and 108.3, game networking systems 108.2,client devices 104, and networks 106, this disclosure contemplates anysuitable number of players 102, social networking systems 108.1 and108.3, and game networking systems 108.2, client devices 104, andnetworks 106. As an example and not by way of limitation, system 150 mayinclude one or more game networking systems 108.2 and no out-of-gamesocial networking system. As another example and not by way oflimitation, system 150 may include a system that comprises both socialnetworking system 108.1, and game networking system 108.2. Moreover,although FIG. 1b illustrates a particular arrangement of player 101,social network system 108.1, game networking system 108.2, client device104, and network 106, this disclosure contemplates any operablearrangement of player 101, social network system 120 a, game networkingsystem 108.2, client device 104, and network 106.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a social network within a social graph 200.Social graphs are models of connections between entities (e.g.,individuals, users, contacts, friends, players, player characters,non-player characters, businesses, groups, associations, concepts,etc.). These entities are considered “users” of the social graph, assuch, the terms “entity” and “user” may be used interchangeably whenreferring to social graphs herein. A social graph can have a node foreach entity and edges to represent relationships between entities. Anode in a social graph can represent any entity. In some embodiments, aunique client identifier may be assigned to individual users in thesocial graph. A social graph may include entities of different types, acombination of entity types, or multiple entities of a single type.

Social graph 200 is shown by way of example to include an out-of-gamesocial network 250 and an in-game social network 260. Portions or theentire social graph within the social networking system 108.1 or 108.3may be managed by a third party. In example embodiments, the socialnetworking system 108.1 maintains the out-of-game social network 250,while the game networking system 108.2 maintains the in-game socialnetwork 260. In-game social network 260 may include one or more playerswho are friends with player 201 (e.g., friend 231), and may include oneor more other players who are not friends with player 201. The socialgraph 200 may correspond to the various players associated with one ormore virtual games. In an example embodiment, each player may “build”their own virtual structures in their own virtual environment to enhancethis virtual environment (e.g., to increase the population of a virtualcity). When, for example, player 201 visits the virtual environment offriend 231, player 201 may interact with the virtual structures built byfriend 231 to earn coins, and to assist player 201 in maintaining hisvirtual environment.

Therefore, the player 102 may have a social network maintained by boththe game networking system 108.2 and the social networking system 108.1or 108.3, wherein the player 102 can have a social network on the gamenetworking system 108.2 that is a subset, superset, or independent ofthe player's social network on the social networking system 108.1 or108.3. Additionally, a system can include individuals who are not partof either the social networking systems 108.1 or 108.3, and the in-gamesocial network 260, but are known to player 201 (e.g., friend 243). Insuch systems, game networking system 108.2 can maintain social graphinformation with edge-type attributes that indicate whether a givenfriend is an “in-game friend,” an “out-of-game friend,” or both. Anout-of-game friend can be either a member of a social networking systemor identified by other contact information (e.g., an e-mail address).

Further, the game networking system 108.2 may be configured to maintainseparate social networks for each or multiple of the number of gamesoffered in the game networking system. For example, a player may selectone set of neighbors for game-play in a first game from one or moresocial or gaming networks, and in a second game the player may select asecond set of neighbors for game-play from the same or different socialnetworks. The first and second sets of neighbors may include one or moreidentical users based on the player's preferences or game-play analysisperformed by the gaming system.

For purposes of simplicity, the present disclosure refers to the in-gamesocial network that may exist for one or more games as the gaming socialnetwork, which may be maintained separately from the out-of-game socialnetwork. It will be understood, however, that a single provider orbusiness entity may provide both the gaming social network and theout-of-game social network, or provide an interface to the gaming socialnetwork directly within an interface to the out-of-game social network.Thus, the game networking system (e.g., providing the gaming socialnetwork) and the social networking system (e.g., providing theout-of-game social network) may be operated by the same provider orseparate providers.

As FIG. 2 illustrates, some of the social network members andconnections may be identical or overlapping between a gaming socialnetwork and an out-of-game social network. Separate profiles and useraccounts may exist for these overlapping users in each network; and asexplained herein, enhanced functionality may be achieved through linkingthe accounts from the in-game and out-of-game social networks. A cleardistinction between the social networks may not be directly evident tousers, especially when aspects of the gaming social network are directlydelivered through an interface associated with the out-of-game socialnetwork. The following examples draw a distinction between operationsoccurring in the gaming social network and the out-of-game socialnetwork, even though features of both social networks may be providedsimultaneously within a single graphical user interface.

One or more social networks can be virtually merged by assigning aunique identifier to each individual in each social network andattempting to match individuals from multiple social networks to acommon user-identifier in a gaming network based on unique attributes(e.g., a common e-mail address associated or registered with two or moresocial networks or the gaming network).

Gaming Social Network User Profile Data

FIG. 3 illustrates an example database system 300 configured to storeinformation in connection with the gaming social network. In someexample embodiments, the database system 300 may correspond to adatabase maintained within the game networking system 108.2 and,accordingly, is described by way of example with reference thereto. Inother example embodiments, the database system 300 may correspond to aseparate computer system or information service that may be accessed bythe game networking system 108.2 via a computer network (e.g., network106 of FIG. 1b ).

The database system 300 may include a database storage 302 that storesinformation associated with users of the game networking system and thegaming social network. The database system 300 may receive variousqueries from users and processes of the game networking system relatedto user profile data, and the database system 300 may process thequeries using the database storage 302. In some example embodiments, thedatabase storage 302 may store the following information: a player gamestate 304, a user profile information 306, gaming social networkinformation 308, out-of-game social network information 310, analysisinformation 312, and gaming neighbor information 314.

Player game state 304 may include information about the player's virtualenvironment, the player's character, or other game-related information,for one or a plurality of games. For example, player game state 304 mayinclude virtual objects owned or used by the player, placement positionsfor virtual structural objects in the player's virtual environment, andthe like. Player game state 304 may also include in-game obstacles forthe player (e.g., new obstacles, current obstacles, completed obstacles,etc.), the player's character attributes (e.g., character health,character energy, amount of coins, amount of cash or virtual currency,etc.), and the like.

In some example embodiments, the user profile information 306 mayinclude user-provided information that is gathered from the player, hisor her client device, the gaming social network, the out-of-game socialnetwork, or an affiliate social network. The user-provided informationmay include the player's demographic information, the player's locationinformation (e.g., a historical record of the player's location duringgame play as determined via a GPS-enabled device or the internetprotocol (IP) address for the player's client device), the player'slocalization information (e.g., a list of languages chosen by theplayer), the types of games played by the player, and the like.

Gaming social network information 308 may include information from thegaming social network, including: the player's set of Nth degreefriends; user-generated content that has been generated by the player;user-generated content that has been directed to the player;user-generated content that mentions or makes reference to the player;social actions occurring between the user and others in the gamingsocial network; user preferences and privacy settings in the gamingsocial network; and the like.

The out-of-game social network information 310 may include informationfrom an affiliate social network of which the player is a member,including: the player's profile information from the affiliate socialnetwork; the player's set of Nth degree friends in the affiliated socialnetwork; user-generated content that has been generated by the playerusing the affiliated social network; user-generated content, from amember of the affiliated social network, that has been directed to theplayer, user-generated content, from a member of the affiliated socialnetwork, that mentions or makes reference to the player; and the like.

The analysis information 312 may include information that the gamenetworking system 108.2 may use to interpret the user-generated content,gaming activities, and activities in the gaming social network. Forexample, this information may include a semantic indicator to correspondto a word or phrase used in the user-generated content, and may includea weighted value that indicates a likelihood for a certain meaningand/or tone (e.g., a likelihood that the player's use of the word “bad”in the user-generated content may be interpreted as “good”). In someexample embodiments, the game networking system 108.2 may use theweighted semantic indicators to satisfy a trigger description of atrigger event. For example, the game networking system 108.2 may use thesemantic indicators to analyze user-generated content, and based on thesemantic indicators that match the user-generated content with a highlikelihood, the game networking system 108.2 may determine one or morepossible trigger events that indicate in-game events that the player islikely to perform (and determine likelihood values related thereto).

Gaming neighbor information 314 may include information indicating whichplayers from the player's gaming social network information 308 orout-of-game social network information 310 are currently available toplay a game, currently playing a game, or otherwise able to interactwith the player. This information may originate from either or both ofthe gaming social network information 308 and out-of-game social networkinformation 310, or another source provided by the player. Gamingneighbor information 314 may be automatically generated or updated asother players enter or leave the game networking system 108.2.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example database system 400 with database 402configured to store user profile information 306 related to the gamesocial network. In some example embodiments, the database system 400 maycorrespond to a database or data store maintained within database system300, within the game networking system 108.2, or by a separate computersystem or information service that may be accessed by the gamenetworking system 108.2.

A specific example of the types of user profile information data thatmay be maintained within database system 400, include a gaming socialnetwork identifier 404; an out-of-game social network identifier 406;gaming social network connections 408; game actions 410; social actions412, reputation data 414; location information 416; and temporalinformation 418.

Specifically, in an example embodiment, data for a gaming social networkidentifier 404 may be maintained and include one or more nicknames,aliases, or other identifiers (including identifiers that may be uniqueto a specific game) associated with the user profile. Also in an exampleembodiment, prior to the user claiming a profile, the social networkidentifier may be a generic unique user identifier. The data for anout-of-game social network identifier 406 may be maintained in thedatabase 402 and include identifiers, handles, or aliases for one ormore social networking services external to the gaming social network(for example, a Facebook account identifier).

Data for game actions 410 relevant to the gaming social network may bemaintained in database 402, and may include data related to cooperativeor adverse game play actions, and other game-related contact occurringbetween the user and the user's connections in the gaming socialnetwork. Data for social actions 412 may include various socialinteractions occurring within the social network, for example, messagesor gaming initiations sent between connections.

Reputation data 414 may be produced from raw or aggregate data relatedto the user's helpfulness, participation, cooperation, user gamingratings, or other measures, and may include a score or other measurementof the user's helpfulness to others. For example, the game networkingsystem 108.2 may determine reputation-related information for the playerbased on user-generated content from the player or his Nth degreefriends (e.g., in-game messages or social network messages), and on theamount of helpful activities (e.g., sending gifts or assisting neighborsin cooperative games) conducted with others.

Data for location information 416 may include user-provided and derivedinformation about the user's known geographical location. Data fortemporal information 418 may track the user's times, type, and amount ofactivity on the game networking system and gaming social network,enabling detailed statistics to be produced regarding various useractions within the game networking system and the gaming social network.

The user profile information for the gaming social network provided bydatabase system 400 may be accessed by any of a number of applicationsand services operating internal or external to the gaming socialnetwork, or the game networking system. For example, the user profileinformation may be mined for use in connection with user- orconnection-targeted promotions and communications by the game networkingsystem. As further described in the following disclosure, the userprofile information may be exposed through a variety of GUIs within thegaming social network, the out-of-game social network, the gamenetworking system, and related services.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 500, for implementing techniquesand methods in accordance with various example embodiments within agaming social network to provide a user profile and connectionrecommendations based on the user profile. The apparatus 500 may includea storage module 502, an interface module 504, a communication module506, an analysis module 508, and a connection recommendation module 510.

In some example embodiments, the storage module 502 may correspond tothe database storage 302 and 402 of FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively. Thestorage module 502 may store, for example, information related to theplayer's virtual gaming environments, the player's game state and gamingactivities, the player's user profile information, social networkingrelationship data for the user and the gaming social network, andderived information relevant to connections and activities in the gamingsocial network.

The interface module 504 may generate a graphical user interface (GUI)and/or a text-based user interface to interact with the player inconnection with the gaming social network. For example, the interfacemodule 504 may generate a user interface for presenting a user profile“page” or summary view of user profile information in accordance withthe capabilities of a user profile in the gaming social network.

The communication module 506 may receive and process variouscommunications occurring within the gaming social network and the gamesassociated with the gaming social network, and may use the storagemodule 502 to store or persist relevant data relevant to the userprofile information. Further, the communication module 506 mayfacilitate the sending of relevant alerts, messages, and prompts toclient device 104 as part of gaming social network activities, forexample, to forward an alert through the out-of-game social network tothe player's client device 104 when certain activities occur within thegaming social network. The communication module 506 may also facilitatecommunications from the user to the user's connections and other usersof the gaming social network.

The analysis module 508 may extract various data elements from the userprofile of the gaming social network relevant to gaming and socialnetwork activities. For example, the amounts, type, and content ofinteractions occurring between two users within a game may be analyzedto determine suggested actions or content between the users within thegaming social network. The analysis module 508 may also be used toperform statistical analysis and extract information from user profileinformation in the gaming social network for purposes such as targetedadvertising, promotions, user preferences, and the like.

The connection recommendation module 510 may operate to provideconnection recommendations to a user, encouraging a user to add aspecific connection to his or her gaming social network or out-of-gamesocial network. Further, the connection recommendation module 510 mayalso operate to provide suggestions of interactions within the gamingsocial network, including but not limited to suggestions involvingindividual user connections, groups or teams, multiple player game andout-of-game activities, shared communications, and the like. Theconnection recommendation module 510 may use data analyzed by theanalysis module 508 when obtaining relevant connection data from theuser profile information of gaming social network users. It should benoted that, in example embodiments, one or more of the modules mayreside different devices or apparatus. The modules are merely shown byway of example to reside on a single apparatus 500 to facilitateexplanation thereof.

The user profile data, and in some embodiments the database systems andmodules described herein, are operable in conjunction with the gamingsocial network and game networking system to provide a unified set ofdata or user profile.

The singular references to a user profile are intended to refer to a setof data or information associated with a specific user of the gamingsocial network, and not necessarily a specific webpage, interface, view,exposition, or use of data.

A variety of interfaces or applications, therefore, may be designed toconsume and interface with the gaming social network user profile andassociated user profile information. For purposes of clarity, a userinterface that exposes the user profile information of the gaming socialnetwork to internal and external users is referred to as a “user profileGUI,” whereas the set of data generally associated with the member ofthe gaming social network is referred to as “user profile information.”

User Profile “Matchmaking” Techniques

As an example of the matchmaking and user connection recommendationtechniques described herein, consider a user who is invited to play agame hosted by a game networking system through a series of invitationsfrom various social contacts and connections, such as “friends” from anout-of-game social network. As the user engages in game play andproceeds with game achievements, the user discovers that he or she needsto engage with other users to perform certain tasks in the game, forexample, to rely on “neighbours” in a building simulation game to staffa series of community buildings. The user may send invitations tovarious social network connections that he or she believes might beinterested in participating in the game, intending to invite his or herconnections to serve specific roles in an ongoing game. However, some ofthese connections may not be familiar with the game, or may not have thesame level of interest in the game as the requesting user.

Even if the user is able to find social network connections interestedin playing the game with the user, some of the connections may be slowat responding to cooperative tasks in the game, or may not be availableto regularly participate with the game. Keeping the user interested ingame play, particularly for ongoing network-hosted games, will requirethe involvement of additional active social network connections.

In an example embodiment, a user is provided with a series of graphicaluser interfaces to review and accept new gaming social networkconnections that are recommended for the user by the game networkingsystem, the gaming social network, or a combination therein. Forexample, in the context of the aforementioned building simulation game,the user may notice a “Recommended Neighbours” section that informs theuser of potential connections that he or she is not yet connected to,who are playing a common game. The user may view the name, profile, andother relevant information about these recommended connections, anddecide whether to establish a gaming social network connection with theuser for one or more games or for gaming activities in general. If theuser accepts, the new connection will be able to engage in game playwith the user, with an intended result of a positive gaming outcome.

Suggesting gaming social network connections to such recommended usersmay assist the user to maintain game play progress and interaction withthe game, especially over a period of time when the user's interest inthe game might otherwise diminish. It may also lead to the engagement ofthe user and the user's new connections with new gaming and socialactivity in the game networking system or the gaming social network.

The size and composition of a user's gaming social network may varysignificantly from other types of social networks that the user may bean active participant in. For example, only a fraction of the user'sconnections on an out-of-game social network may actively engage ingaming activities at regular times. Likewise, even if a user has arobust network of connections within the gaming social network, many ofthese connections may not be playing the same games or conducting gameplay at the same times as the user. Such limitations may be factored bythe presently described recommendation techniques to produce relevantrecommendations.

In an example embodiment, a series of “matchmaking” or “connectionrecommendation” techniques are provided for use with a gaming socialnetwork, to enable the suggestion of gaming social network connectionswho are most likely to actively participate in particular games andgaming activities. For example, these recommended connections may beconnected to a gaming user in the gaming social network for purposes ofserving as a neighbor, teammate, opponent, or other specific player rolein a game. Establishment of a robust set of connections in the gamingsocial network is intended to result in increased gaming time, and animproved gaming experience and game play satisfaction for all involvedusers.

One technique for performing matchmaking includes both generating andproviding recommendations for appropriate users. The processing actionsrelated to generating and providing recommendations may be performed bythe same system, but need not be. Data used to suggesting recommendedconnections for the user's game social network may originate from avariety of data sources, including direct interaction with the user.This data may then be compared with various evaluation criteria, anddelivered to the user at appropriate times (e.g., when the user isstarting to build his or her gaming social network, or when the user isin great need of teammates for a specific strategy game).

The evaluation criteria for selecting specific users may be derived fromor determined as a result of analyzing information stored or associatedwith a gaming social network user profile of the user, and potentialconnections extending from the social graph of the user. User profileinformation relevant to the recommendation process may include one ormore of data obtained from the gaming social network identifier, dataobtained from the out-of-game social network identifier, data associatedwith gaming social network connections, game actions, social actions,reputation data, location information, and temporal information.

Recommended connections may be selected from users in either a gamingsocial network service (e.g., Zynga gaming network, Xbox Live, Steam),or users of an out-of-game social network service (e.g., Facebook,Friendster, MySpace, Google+). Further, the gaming social network systemmay comprise a subset of users from the out-of-game social networkservice, such as a “gaming buddies” group of connections in theout-of-game social network service.

As non-limiting examples on how a potential connection can be evaluated,evaluation factors for a potential connection may include how likely therecommended connection will be to participate in a particular game, howoften the recommended connection plays a particular game, the amount ofoverlapping times that the recommended connection and the user play thesame game or similar games, similar game interests between therecommended connection and the user, a comparable experience levelbetween the recommended connection and the user, acceptance rate forinvitations to the recommended connection, game play reputation andratings of the recommended user, distance of any social networkconnection between the user and the recommended connection, commonconnections and interests between the recommended connection and theuser, and the like.

In cases where only a select number of recommended connections areprovided to a user, a ranking metric may be used to determine whichconnections and the order of connections to display to the user. Thisranking metric may be based on which recommended connections the user ismost likely to accept as connections, which recommended connections aremost likely to accept an invitation for a connection, the degree ofseparation between the recommended connections and the user, and thelike.

In an example embodiment, recommended connections may be presented to auser after the establishment or claiming of a user profile accountwithin a gaming social network. This may occur after the user hascreated a nickname or alias, and has enabled a public or semi-publicprofile “page” or interface view for display within the gaming socialnetwork. Upon the creation of the user profile page, the user may bemore likely to expand his or her connections and social network, andprovide relevant information for current and potential connections toview about his or her gaming interests. In another example embodiment,the present recommendation and display techniques may be performedindependent of any user profile page, such as being integrated into gameinterfaces.

FIG. 6A provides an illustration of a method 600 illustrating ahierarchical flow for selecting sources of gaming social networkconnection recommendations according to an example embodiment. Althoughthis method 600 is demonstrated in a sequential fashion, it will beunderstood that variations to the order and type of informationprocessed in each step may occur in accordance with the embodimentsdescribed herein.

As shown in operation 610, out-of-game social network connections withthe user may be recommended first. As would be evident, persons who havean established friendship or relationship with the user in an existingsocial network are likely to be receptive to an invitation to join theuser's gaming social network. This is particularly likely when therecommended connection is known to engage in game play and is familiarwith specific games interfaced with the gaming social network. Producingrecommendations of out-of-game social network contacts may factorwhether the user's out-of-game social network connections have engagedin the same games as the user, have engaged in similar types of games,have produced user-generated content related to gaming, or might beassociated with demographic information that suggests the user is likelyto actively play games or engage in activities with the user in thegaming social network.

The recommendations to invite connections from the out-of-game socialnetwork may be presented separately or jointly through an interface ofthe gaming social network or the out-of-game social network. Forexample, an interface of the gaming social network may provide theability to send a message or request directly into the out-of-gamesocial network, such that the recommended connection will be able toview and accept the request from within the interface of the out-of-gamesocial network. Other communication techniques external to the gamingsocial network and the out-of-game social network may also be used toprovide connection recommendations and actions upon such connectionrecommendations, such as a new connection suggestion or a connectioninvitation directly sent to a user in an email or SMS message.

Next, users connected to the user indirectly through gaming socialnetwork connections may be recommended (see operation 620). In anexample embodiment, this may include second and third level connectionsto the user in the gaming social network, which may include connectionswith mutual friends. Data on the relationship status of the connectionsmay be retrieved from the maintained gaming social network user profileinformation, or retrieved as necessary from the game networking system,the gaming social network, or the out-of-game social network.

An additional source for connection recommendations may originate frominteraction with potential connections in the gaming social network orgame networking system (see operation 630). For example, this mayinclude recommending active game players from the gaming social networkwho have served as teammates or opponents in current or past games. Thegaming social network or the game networking system may also recognizenotable user generated content produced between two players, or apositive game outcome occurring between two players, in historical orongoing games, as a basis for future recommendations.

A variety of other criterion may be used for determining recommendedusers in the gaming social network. For example, users may be matchedbased on location or geographical-based criteria, temporal criteria(such as being online frequently at overlapping times), language orcultural-based criteria, common or similar group memberships, common orsimilar social networking profiles (such as common “likes” and profileinterests), gaming experience, gaming levels and achievements, and othertypes of common or similar interests and attributes associated with therecommended connection's gaming social network user profile.

The user may also provide a set of recommendation criteria for to locateusers having certain characteristics, which may be accompanied byautomatic acceptances of such recommended users. For example, the usermay request recommendations of new connections based ongeographic-proximity to the user, and the user may have a profilesetting configured to automatically connect (and automatically accept)invitations from recommended users with matching geographic proximity.Likewise, a user may specify automated actions (including whether toautomatically accept or reject user connection recommendations) based onother criterion such as common networks or groups within a socialnetwork.

In one example embodiment, recommended connections that are provided tothe user include various second-degree social network recommendations,e.g., recommendations to add a “friend of a friend”. These second-degreerecommendations may be produced from user profile information for theuser and the user's connections to determine potential second degreeconnections, narrow a listing of the potential second degreeconnections, and provide connection recommendations to the user asappropriate.

FIG. 6B provides a flowchart 605 of an example method for producingconnection recommendations based on second-degree social networkconnections. In this example method, data is obtained from the user'scurrent user profile information in the gaming social network to obtaina current list of his or her connections in operation 650. For each ofthe user's connections, a current list of each connection's connections(e.g., a listing of the user's second degree connections), is retrievedin operation 660.

The user may have a relatively large number of second degree connectionsin the gaming social network, and as a result, all of these seconddegree connections may not be preferred candidates for display asrecommended connections, especially in a simultaneous display. To reducethe number of potential recommendations, the list of possible seconddegree connections may be filtered in operation 670, based on variousconnection recommendation preferences or other criteria.

For example, various filtering criteria may include providingrecommendations only for second-degree connections active within thegaming social network, or locating certain characteristics in commonwith the user or the user's connections. In one example embodiment,filtering may be performed by analyzing each of the user's connections,and selecting second degree connections having the highest level ofactivity in the user's active social network over a period of time(e.g., the connection's most active connections over a previous 7 dayperiod). The potential recommendation's user profile information may beobtained and analyzed for such purposes.

Any listing of recommended users may also be verified, based on variousdisplay qualifications, preferences, or connection suitability. Forexample, the filtering operation 670 may verify that the recommendedsecond degree connection is not already a connection with the user; thatthe second degree connection has not opted out of receivingsystem-generated connection recommendations; or that the recommendedconnection doesn't already have a pending connection request from theuser.

In a further example embodiment, certain user's connections may beanalyzed and recommended first when recommending second degreeconnections. For example, locating recommendations for second-degreeconnections may be most productive when analyzing mutual connections andmutual connection relationships. Other measures such as “helpfulnessratings”, reputation scores in games, positive gaming and socialoutcomes, and like user attributes maintained within the user profileinformation may also be factored when determining which of theconnections to analyze for second degree connections, or recommend assecond degree connections.

After the user has accepted, rejected, or ignored the various sets ofconnection recommendations, additional recommendations may be provided.The number of recommendations provided may be based on system settings,or individual preferences. For example, a user may specify to hide orignore certain types of recommendations (e.g., to hide recommendationsbased on past gaming activity or gaming activity in a certain game).

The timing of any connection recommendation display may occur on aregular basis, on a staggered basis over a period of time, or responsiveto specific activities occurring within a particular game, the gamenetworking system, or the gaming social network. For example, if a userhas not achieved a particular objective of a game after an extendedperiod of time, it may be advantageous to introduce the user to otherplayers at a similar game state to help the user achieve the objectiveand thus advance in the game. Likewise, user connection recommendationsmay be presented directly within game play events or dialogs (forexample, an in-game dialog suggesting that a user establish a connectionwith a more experienced user when the user repeatedly fails to achievesome objective in the game).

FIG. 6c is a flow chart of an example embodiment of a method 608 ofproviding a selection of neighbors and gaming options to a player oruser. At 680, a gaming networking system can identify a player as havingentered or logged-in to the gaming networking system. The player canhave accessed the gaming network system directed (e.g., system 108.2) orthrough one of a plurality of social networking system (e.g., systems108.1 or 108.3). In one example, the gaming networking system canpresent the player with a previous game that is still in progress, or amenu screen presenting the user with a plurality of game options. At684, the gaming networking system can interrogate the player's socialgraph for potential neighbors for game play. The player's social graphcan include both in-game and one or more out-of game social networks. Inone example, neighbors can be selected from the player's social graphbased on their degree of closeness to the player in the social graph.For example, in one non-limiting embodiment only users that are 2nddegree friends with the player may be presented to the user. In anotherembodiment potential neighbors may be any other user who the player haspreviously interacted with in a game in the gaming networking system.Potential neighbors may be actively in a game-play session or may belogged into one of the social networking systems included in theplayer's social graph.

At 686, the player may be presented with a plurality of gaming options.The gaming options may include all of the available games on the gamingnetworking system or any subset thereof. At 688, the player may bepresented with a list of neighbors including users who are activelyplaying a game in the gaming networking system, or who are logged into asocial networking system and available to join the player in game-play.In an example embodiment the player may be presented with the option ofjoining a neighbor in a game that is in progress. In another exampleembodiment the player may be presented with a list of neighbors fromwhich the player may select one or more neighbors to receive aninvitation to begin a new game.

At 690, the gaming system receives the player's game play selection andcan begin game-play setup. At 692, the gaming system can filter the listof neighbors presented to the player to only those neighbors who arecurrently engaged in playing the game selected by the player. Byfiltering the list of neighbors the gaming system can increase therelevancy of suggested neighbors who may be willing to cooperate orparticipate in game play with the player. In various embodiments, thenumber of neighbors can be limited to a predetermined value set by theplayer as a preference setting or the number of neighbors can bedynamically adjusted depending on the size of the player's social graphor the game type.

Presenting Recommended Connections to Users

FIG. 7 provides an illustration of an example graphical user interface700 for displaying and accepting recommended connections in a gamingsocial network. Specifically, FIG. 7 illustrates the recommendedconnections as being recommended for a game role in a specific game (forexample, as a “neighbor” in the “Cityville” building simulation game).

As FIG. 7 illustrates, within the graphical user interface 700 arecommendation listing in 710 for potential gaming social networkconnections is provided. The recommendation listing in 710 may beaccompanied by an explanation in display 720 of why the connectionrecommendations are being displayed, how the connection recommendationswere selected, and the benefits of adding additional connections to theuser's gaming social network.

The recommendation listing in 710 includes a display of one or morerecommended users including a icon-sized photo of a user in display 730.In an example embodiment, the listing of the recommended user mayinclude a photo, a name or alias, gaming level or experience within aparticular game, the frequency of gaming on the network or for aparticular game of interest to the user, and other indications relevantto gaming activity and the gaming social network.

The listing of each user may be accompanied by an option to add thespecific recommended user as a connection using selectable option 740,or to decline the connection with the user using selectable option 750.The ability to decline may be presented as an option accompanied byrelated options (e.g., hiding this recommended connection temporarily,hide this recommended connection permanently, hide recommendations forall users of this game, and the like). Further, an option to add allrecommended connections with selectable option 760 may be presented tothe user in order to accept all displayed recommendations. Likewise, anoption may be provided to the user to allow the gaming social network toautomatically accept determined connection recommendations.

Upon the user's acceptance of the connection recommendation, a statusindicator such as “Connection Request Pending” may be displayed for theuser until the recommended connection in turn confirms creation of theconnection (e.g., accepts the recommended connection as well). In someembodiments, however, the recommended connection does not need toconfirm creation of the connection, and may rely on automated techniquesfor accepting recommended connections (e.g., automatically accepting allrecommended connections who the user has engaged in game play with, andthe like).

FIG. 8 provides an illustration of another example graphical userinterface 800 for displaying recommended connections in a gaming socialnetwork derived from common gaming activity and gaming characteristicswith the user. As shown by way of example, an introduction ofrecommended connections in display 810 is accompanied by a listing ofrecommended users including a specific recommended user with display820, options to navigate through the listing of recommended users withselectable option 830, and the ability to accept specific recommendedusers for connection with selectable option 840.

In addition to the selection criteria based on gaming activity, the userinterface 800 may provide a short explanation or text indication 850 todisplay the amount, type, or experience of gaming activity by therecommended user in one or more games. For example, this may indicatethat a particular recommended connection plays two of the user'sfavorite games at certain intervals (e.g., “daily”, “weekly”, “often”,or “very often”), has reached certain game levels or expertise (e.g.,“Level 44”), and the like. Similar actions may be provided for acceptingthe recommendations and otherwise interacting with the recommended usersas previously described for FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 provides an illustration of an example graphical user interface900 displaying recommended connection requests in a gaming socialnetwork in addition to user-initiated connection requests, from theperspective of a user who has received both of these requests. As shown,the recommendation listing 910 (“recommended neighbor requests”)includes a display of one or more requests from users such as the useridentified in display 930 who has responded to a network connectionrecommendation, accompanied by an explanation in text 920 of why theconnection recommendations were produced, how the connectionrecommendations were generated, and the benefits of accepting theconnection in the gaming social network.

As is illustrated in FIG. 9, the listing of recommended connectionrequests 910 initiated by the gaming social network may be accompaniedby a listing of connection requests 940 sent to the user (“neighborrequests”) from other users. These connection requests sent to the usermay have been manually sent or otherwise initiated from requestingusers. The request for establishing a connection between recommendedconnections may be accepted with selectable option 950 in a similarfashion as the request for establishing a connection with theuser-requested connection based on an acceptance selection withselectable option 960. Although the graphical user interface 900 maydistinguish between network-recommendations and user-initiated requestsand provide the ability to respond to the requests individually, aninterface option may be provided to accept all, or reject all, availablerequests (not shown).

FIG. 10 provides an illustration of an example graphical user interface1000 configured for displaying additional information on recommendedusers, specifically through the use of an popup or overlay window 1010.In addition to the user information displayed on a listing of multiplerecommended users as in text display 1020, the overlay window 1010provides additional context on the relationship between the user and therecommended connection. For example, a status message 1030 within theoverlay window may indicate that the user is a connection in the user'sout-of-game social network. The overlay window 1010 may provide a directoption to establish a connection as in button display 1040 or mayprovide other suitable options for interfacing with the recommendedconnection (e.g., to send a pre-defined or custom message, to find outmore information on the recommended connection, and the like).

FIGS. 11A, 11B, 11C each provide alternate options for the format andcontent of the overlay window 1010 according to an example embodiment.For example, as is shown in FIG. 11A, a mini-profile GUI is displayedwhen the recommended connection is a direct connection with the user inthe out-of-game social network. This GUI may provide basic informationsuch as a picture, alias, experience and amount of play related to acertain game, and more details on the direct connection with the user asin display 1110.

FIG. 11B presents an interface that may be displayed when therecommended connection is a indirect connection with the user in theout-of-game social network or the gaming social network, for example,being a mutual friend with one or more friends in the non-gaming socialnetwork. Similar to FIG. 11A, the mini-profile GUI may provide basicinformation on the recommended user such as a picture, alias, experienceand amount of play related to a certain game, and more details on theindirect connection with the user as in display 1120.

FIG. 11C presents an interface that may be displayed when therecommended connection is not an existing direct or indirect connectionin the user's gaming social network or out-of-game social network, butis an unconnected user in the gaming social network. Similar to FIGS.11A and 11B, information on the recommended user such as a picture,alias, experience and amount of play related to a certain game, may beprovided, and any connection details may be limited to a simplerecognition of membership in a common group or the gaming social networkas in display 1130.

The types of information that may be displayed on either the overlaywindow, or in connection with the aforementioned connectionrecommendation interfaces includes, but does not require and is notlimited to: games played by the recommended user, the frequency of playfor specific games or on the game networking system for the recommendeduser (e.g., plays Game A four times per week); the total number ofconnections established with the recommended user within a gaming socialnetwork or within a group or specific game subset of the gaming socialnetwork; the number of mutual connections with the user in theout-of-game or the gaming social network; how helpful or cooperative therecommended user is in specific games types of games; whether therecommended user is currently online; the times that the recommendeduser is most likely to be online; the last activity time of therecommended user; the last activity game of the recommended user;whether the user returns gifts or participates in “crews” or cooperative“teams” for other users; the expertise, experience, or particular levelof the recommended user; the number of connections that the recommendeduser maintains in the gaming social network; responsiveness to requestsand social activities within the gaming social network; and likeinformation.

FIG. 12 provides an illustration of a method 1200 illustrating a flowfor recommending connections within a gaming social network according toan example embodiment. As illustrated, recommended user connections inthe gaming social network are determined in operation 1210 based on avariety of the aforementioned criteria or relevant techniques. The useris prompted in operation 1220 (such as within a user interface of theout-of-game social network, the gaming social network, the gamenetworking system, or otherwise) to add, accept, or select therecommended connection as a gaming social network connection. If therecommended connections are rejected by the user in operation 1230, thenthe recommended connection may be removed from the recommendation listin operation 1240. In further embodiments, if the recommended connectionis rejected, then the display of this recommended connection within isreplaced with another recommended connection.

If the recommended connection is accepted by the user in operation 1230,then further processing to establish the connection may occur. If therecommended connection is ignored and no action is taken on therecommendation, then the recommendation may come up at a future time,remain intact until accepted or rejected, or may disappear after acertain interval of time or after certain actions. For the case wherethe recommended connection(s) are accepted by the user, the invitationis sent to the recommended connections in operation 1250.

In an example embodiment, the connection is not established between therecommended connection(s) and the user until the recommended connectionuser confirms or accepts the connection. However, in some gamingenvironments or gaming social networks, such dual-verification from boththe user and the recommended connection is not necessary, but rather aconnection may be established on the basis of a connection beingaccepted by a single actor. Prompting the recommended connection(s) toaccept the invitation in operation 1260 may occur in connection withmessaging, alerts, or other interfaces with the out-of-game socialnetwork; such prompts may also be presented through messaging, alerts,and other suitable interfaces within the game social network andinterfaces provided by the game networking system.

If the invitation is accepted in operation 1270, then a connection isestablished between the recommended connection(s) and the user inoperation 1280. If the invitation is rejected in operation 1270, then noconnection will be established between the recommended connection(s) andthe user. As a result of rejection of the invitation, additionalprocessing may take place to hide other users with similar profiles,modify the user profile of the rejecting user, and the like. Likewise,as a result of acceptance of the invitation, additional processing maytake place to show users with similar profiles, modify the user profileof the accepting user, and the like.

Although the aforementioned techniques are described with particularemphasis on gaming environments delivered within computer-based userinterfaces, it will be apparent that many of the matchmaking criteriaand recommended connection user interface features may also be adaptedto social networks and social network interfaces that do not providegames. Therefore, the selection or recommendation enhancements andinterfaces may also be applied within a variety of custom and specificsocial networks. Further, the presently described uses and analysis ofuser profile information may also be relevant to the analysis of avariety of common interests and activities between users in varioustypes of social networks.

Example Social Networks, Social Graphs, and Gaming Environments

The following provides additional context and explanation of theoperation of social networks, example systems implementing such socialnetworks, and examples of gaming environments operable with thepresently disclosed techniques. Returning to FIG. 2, the player 201 maybe associated, connected, or linked to various other users, or“friends,” within the out-of-game social network 250. Theseassociations, connections, or links can track relationships betweenusers within the out-of-game social network 250 and are commonlyreferred to as online “friends” or “friendships” between users. Eachfriend or friendship in a particular user's social network within asocial graph is commonly referred to as a “node.” For purposes ofillustration, the details of out-of-game social network 250 aredescribed in relation to the player 201. As used herein, the terms“player” and “user” can be used interchangeably and can refer to anyuser in an online multiuser game system or social networking system. Asused herein, the term “friend” can mean any node within a player'ssocial network.

As shown in FIG. 2, the player 201 has direct connections with severalfriends. When the player 201 has a direct connection with anotherindividual, that connection is referred to as a first-degree friend. Inout-of-game social network 250, the player 201 has two first-degreefriends. That is, the player 201 is directly connected to friend 1 ₁ 211and friend 2 ₁ 221. In social graph 200, it is possible for individualsto be connected to other individuals through their first-degree friends(e.g., friends of friends). As described above, the number of edges in aminimum path that connects a player to another user is considered thedegree of separation. For example, FIG. 2 shows that the player 201 hasthree second-degree friends to which he is connected via his connectionto his first-degree friends. Second-degree friend 1 ₂ 212 and friend 2 ₂222 are connected to the player 201 via his first-degree friend 1 ₁ 211.The limit on the depth of friend connections, or the number of degreesof separation for associations, that the player 201 is allowed istypically dictated by the restrictions and policies implemented by thesocial networking system 108.1.

In various embodiments, the player 201 can have Nth-degree friendsconnected to him through a chain of intermediary degree friends asindicated in FIG. 2. For example, Nth-degree friend 1 _(N) 219 isconnected to the player 201 within in-game social network 260 viasecond-degree friend 3 ₂ 232 and one or more other higher-degreefriends.

As shown in the example of FIG. 2, the player 201 has out-of-gameconnections 255 to a plurality of friends, forming the out-of-gamesocial network 250. Here, friend 1 ₁ 211 and friend 2 ₁ 221 arefirst-degree friends with the player 201 in his out-of-game socialnetwork 250. The player 201 also has in-game connections 265 to aplurality of players, forming in-game social network 260. Here, friend 2₁ 221, friend 3 ₁ 231, and friend 4 ₁ 241 are first-degree friends withthe player 201 in his in-game social network 260. In some embodiments, agame engine can access the in-game social network 260, the out-of-gamesocial network 250, or both.

In some embodiments, the connections in a player's in-game socialnetwork can be formed both explicitly (e.g., when users “friend” eachother) and implicitly (e.g., when the system observes user behaviors and“friends” users to each other). Unless otherwise indicated, reference toa friend connection between two or more players can be interpreted tocover both explicit and implicit connections, using one or more socialgraphs and other factors to infer friend connections. The friendconnections can be unidirectional or bidirectional. It is also not alimitation of this description that two players who are deemed “friends”for the purposes of this disclosure are not friends in real life (e.g.,in disintermediated interactions or the like), but that could be thecase.

In an online multiplayer game, players control player characters (PCs),a game engine controls non-player characters (NPCs), and the game enginealso manages player character state and tracks states for currentlyactive (e.g., online) players and currently inactive (e.g., offline)players. A player character may have a set of attributes and a set offriends associated with the player character, which may or may notcorrespond to connections and connection user profile attributes in thegaming social network. As used herein, the terms “state” and “attribute”can be used interchangeably to refer to any in-game characteristic of aplayer character, such as location, assets, levels, condition, health,status, inventory, skill set, name, orientation, affiliation, specialty,and so on. The game engine may use a player character state to determinethe outcome of a game event, sometimes also considering set variables orrandom variables. Generally, an outcome is more favorable to a currentplayer character (or player characters) when the player character has abetter state. For example, a healthier player character is less likelyto die in a particular encounter relative to a weaker player characteror non-player character.

A game event may be an outcome of an engagement, a provision of access,rights, and/or benefits or the obtaining of some assets (e.g., health,money, strength, inventory, land, etc.). A game engine may determine theoutcome of a game event according to game rules (e.g., “a character withless than 5 health points will be prevented from initiating an attack”),based on a character's state and possibly also interactions of otherplayer characters and a random calculation. Moreover, an engagement mayinclude simple tasks (e.g., cross the river, shoot at an opponent),complex tasks (e.g., win a battle, unlock a puzzle, build a factory, roba liquor store), or other events.

In a game system according to aspects of the present disclosure, indetermining the outcome of a game event in a game being played by aplayer (or a group of more than one players), the game engine may takeinto account the state of the player character (or group of PCs) that isplaying, but also the state of one or more PCs of offline/inactiveplayers who are connected to the current player (or PC, or group of PCs)through the game social graph but are not necessarily involved in thegame at the time.

For example, Player A with six friends on Player A's team (e.g., thefriends that are listed as being in the player'smob/gang/set/army/business/crew/etc. depending on the nature of thegame) may be playing the virtual game and choose to confront Player Bwho has 20 friends on Player B's team. In some embodiments, a player mayonly have first-degree friends on the player's team. In otherembodiments, a player may also have second-degree and higher degreefriends on the player's team. To resolve the game event, in someembodiments the game engine may total up the weapon strength of theseven members of Player A's team and the weapon strength of the 21members of Player B's team and decide an outcome of the confrontationbased on a random variable applied to a probability distribution thatfavors the side with the greater total. In some embodiments, all of thismay be done without any other current active participants other thanPlayer A (e.g., Player A's friends, Player, B, and Player B's friendscould all be offline or inactive). In some embodiments, the friends in aplayer's team may see a change in their state as part of the outcome ofthe game event. In some embodiments, the state (assets, condition,level) of friends beyond the first degree are taken into account.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a system for implementing variousdisclosed embodiments. In particular embodiments, the system 1300comprises multiple neighbors 1302, a first social networking system1308.1, a second social networking system 1308.2, a game networkingsystem 1309, multiple client devices 1304 of various types, and anetwork 1306. The components may be connected directly or over network1306, which may be any suitable network, for example the Internet.

An example database system 1310 and database 1312 configured to storeuser profile information 1314 related to the social graphs of multipleusers in game or social networking systems connected to the network1306. In some example embodiments, the database system 1310 maycorrespond to a database or data store maintained within the socialnetwork system 1308, within the game networking system 1309, or aseparate computer system or information service that may be accessed bythe game networking system 1309.

A specific example of the types of user profile information data thatmay be maintained within database system 1310, include user profileinformation 1314 that may be associated with individual users on one ormore networking or gaming systems; game information 1316 related tocurrent or past gaming activities for each user; and neighborinformation 1318 that may include relationships between separate users'social graphs. User profile information 1314 may include a uniqueidentifier for each user who has accessed game networking system 1309 aswell as a link between that unique identifier and the user's identity onone or more social networking systems 1308. User profile information1314 may also include a summary or complete copy of the user's socialgraph, including any social graphs imported from a separate socialnetwork 1308. Game information may include a user's current and pastgame play statistics and preferences. In an example, neighborinformation 1318 may include data indicating sets of users that arecurrently interacting (e.g., logged-on) to game networking system 1309either directly or through a social networking system 1308 and may bereceptive to coordinated or competitive game play. In another example,neighbor information 1318 may include information indicating thatindividuals in a user's social graph are potential neighbors, preferredneighbors, or blocked individuals. Potential neighbors may beindividuals in the user's social graph who are within a preset criteria.(e.g., degree of friendship, or previous game play). Potential neighborsmay be individuals a user has indicated are desirable for game play inone or more games, or individuals that a game networking system hasdetermined are recent or regular co-participants in gaming activities.In another example, neighbor information 1318 may include a plurality ofsocial graphs obtained from multiple gaming networks or social networksthat the user has accessed for game-play, and indications of specificindividuals in any one of the plurality of social graphs who haveseparately or jointly played any of a plurality of games offered by agaming network.

Data Flow

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example data flow between thecomponents of system 1410. In particular embodiments, system 1410 caninclude client system 1430, social networking system 1420 a, and gamenetworking system 1420 b. The components of system 1410 can be connectedto each other in any suitable configuration, using any suitable type ofconnection. The components may be connected directly or over anysuitable network. Client system 1430, social networking system 1420 a,and game networking system 1420 b can each have one or morecorresponding data stores such as local data store 1425, social datastore 1445, and game data store 1465, respectively. Social networkingsystem 1420 a and game networking system 1420 b can also have one ormore servers that can communicate with client system 1430 over anappropriate network. Social networking system 1420 a and game networkingsystem 1420 b can have, for example, one or more internet servers forcommunicating with client system 1430 via the Internet. Similarly,social networking system 1420 a and game networking system 1420 b canhave one or more mobile servers for communicating with client system1430 via a mobile network (e.g., GSM, PCS, Wi-Fi, WPAN, etc.). In someembodiments, one server may be able to communicate with client system1430 over both the Internet and a mobile network. In other embodiments,separate servers can be used.

Client system 1430 can receive and transmit data 1423 to and from gamenetworking system 1420 b. This data can include, for example, webpages,messages, game inputs, game displays, HTTP packets, data requests,transaction information, updates, and other suitable data. At some othertime, or at the same time, game networking system 1420 b can communicatedata 1443, 1447 (e.g., game state information, game system accountinformation, page info, messages, data requests, updates, etc.) withother networking systems, such as social networking system 1420 a (e.g.,Facebook, Myspace, etc.). Client system 1430 can also receive andtransmit data 1427 to and from social networking system 1420 a. Thisdata can include, for example, webpages, messages, social graphinformation, social network displays, HTTP packets, data requests,transaction information, updates, and other suitable data.

Communication between client system 1430, social networking system 1420a, and game networking system 1420 b can occur over any appropriateelectronic communication medium or network using any suitablecommunications protocols. For example, client system 1430, as well asvarious servers of the systems described herein, may include TransportControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking stacks to providefor datagram and transport functions. Of course, any other suitablenetwork and transport layer protocols can be utilized.

In addition, hosts or end-systems described herein may use a variety ofhigher layer communications protocols, including client-server (orrequest-response) protocols, such as the HyperText Transfer Protocol(HTTP and other communications protocols, such as HTTP-S, FTP, SNMP,TELNET, and a number of other protocols, may be used. In addition, aserver in one interaction context may be a client in another interactioncontext. In particular embodiments, the information transmitted betweenhosts may be formatted as HTML documents. Other structured documentlanguages or formats can be used, such as XML, and the like. Executablecode objects, such as JavaScript and ActionScript, can also be embeddedin the structured documents.

In some client-server protocols, such as the use of HTML over HTTP, aserver generally transmits a response to a request from a client. Theresponse may comprise one or more data objects. For example, theresponse may comprise a first data object, followed by subsequentlytransmitted data objects. In particular embodiments, a client requestmay cause a server to respond with a first data object, such as an HTMLpage, which itself refers to other data objects. A client application,such as a browser, will request these additional data objects as itparses or otherwise processes the first data object.

In particular embodiments, an instance of an online game can be storedas a set of game state parameters that characterize the state of variousin-game objects, such as, for example, player character stateparameters, non-player character parameters, and virtual itemparameters. In particular embodiments, game state is maintained in adatabase as a serialized, unstructured string of text data as aso-called Binary Large Object (BLOB). When a player accesses an onlinegame on game networking system 1420 b, the BLOB containing the gamestate for the instance corresponding to the player can be transmitted toclient system 1430 for use by a client-side executed object to process.In particular embodiments, the client-side executable may be aFlash-based game, which can de-serialize the game state data in theBLOB. As a player plays the game, the game logic implemented at clientsystem 1430 maintains and modifies the various game state parameterslocally. The client-side game logic may also batch game events, such asmouse clicks, and transmit these events to game networking system 1420b. Game networking system 1420 b may itself operate by retrieving a copyof the BLOB from a database or an intermediate memory cache (memcache)layer. Game networking system 1420 b can also de-serialize the BLOB toresolve the game state parameters and execute its own game logic basedon the events in the batch file of events transmitted by the client tosynchronize the game state on the server side. Game networking system1420 b may then re-serialize the game state, now modified, into a BLOBand pass this to a memory cache layer for lazy updates to a persistentdatabase.

With a client-server environment in which the online games may run, oneserver system, such as game networking system 1420 b, may supportmultiple client systems 1430. At any given time, there may be multipleplayers at multiple client systems 1430 all playing the same onlinegame. In practice, the number of players playing the same game at thesame time may be very large. As the game progresses with each player,multiple players may provide different inputs to the online game attheir respective client systems 1430, and multiple client systems 1430may transmit multiple player inputs and/or game events to gamenetworking system 1420 b for further processing. In addition, multipleclient systems 1430 may transmit other types of application data to gamenetworking system 1420 b.

In particular embodiments, a computed-implemented game may be atext-based or turn-based game implemented as a series of web pages thatare generated after a player selects one or more actions to perform. Theweb pages may be displayed in a browser client executed on client system1430. As an example and not by way of limitation, a client applicationdownloaded to client system 1430 may operate to serve a set of webpagesto a player. As another example and not by way of limitation, acomputer-implemented game may be an animated or rendered game executableas a stand-alone application or within the context of a webpage or otherstructured document. In particular embodiments, the computer-implementedgame may be implemented using Adobe Flash-based technologies. As anexample and not by way of limitation, a game may be fully or partiallyimplemented as a SWF object that is embedded in a web page andexecutable by a Flash media player plug-in. In particular embodiments,one or more described webpages may be associated with or accessed bysocial networking system 1420 a. This disclosure contemplates using anysuitable application for the retrieval and rendering of structureddocuments hosted by any suitable network-addressable resource orwebsite.

Application event data of a game is any data relevant to the game (e.g.,player inputs). In particular embodiments, each application datum mayhave a name and a value, and the value of the application datum maychange (i.e., be updated) at any time. When an update to an applicationdatum occurs at client system 1430, either caused by an action of a gameplayer or by the game logic itself, client system 1430 may need toinform game networking system 1420 b of the update. For example, if thegame is a farming game with a harvest mechanic (such as ZyngaFarmVille), an event can correspond to a player clicking on a parcel ofland to harvest a crop. In such an instance, the application event datamay identify an event or action (e.g., harvest) and an object in thegame to which the event or action applies. For illustration purposes andnot by way of limitation, system 1410 is discussed in reference toupdating a multi-player online game hosted on a network-addressablesystem (such as, for example, social networking system 1420 a or gamenetworking system 1420 b), where an instance of the online game isexecuted remotely on a client system 1430, which then transmitsapplication event data to the hosting system such that the remote gameserver synchronizes the game state associated with the instance executedby the client system 1430.

In a particular embodiment, one or more objects of a game may berepresented as an Adobe Flash object. Flash may manipulate vector andraster graphics, and supports bidirectional streaming of audio andvideo. “Flash” may mean the authoring environment, the player, or theapplication files. In particular embodiments, client system 1430 mayinclude a Flash client. The Flash client may be configured to receiveand run Flash applications or game object codes from any suitablenetworking system (such as, for example, social networking system 1420 aor game networking system 1420 b). In particular embodiments, the Flashclient may be run in a browser client executed on client system 1430. Aplayer can interact with Flash objects using client system 1430 and theFlash client. The Flash objects can represent a variety of in-gameobjects. Thus, the player may perform various in-game actions on variousin-game objects by making various changes and updates to the associatedFlash objects.

In particular embodiments, in-game actions can be initiated by clickingor similarly interacting with a Flash object that represents aparticular in-game object. For example, a player can interact with aFlash object to use, move, rotate, delete, attack, shoot, or harvest anin-game object. This disclosure contemplates performing any suitablein-game action by interacting with any suitable Flash object. Inparticular embodiments, when the player makes a change to a Flash objectrepresenting an in-game object, the client-executed game logic mayupdate one or more game state parameters associated with the in-gameobject.

To ensure synchronization between the Flash object shown to the playerat client system 1430, the Flash client may send the events that causedthe game state changes to the in-game object to game networking system1420 b. However, to expedite the processing and hence the speed of theoverall gaming experience, the Flash client may collect a batch of somenumber of events or updates into a batch file. The number of events orupdates may be determined by the Flash client dynamically or determinedby game networking system 1420 b based on server loads or other factors.For example, client system 1430 may send a batch file to game networkingsystem 1420 b whenever fifty updates have been collected or after athreshold period of time, such as every minute.

As used herein, the term “application event data” may refer to any datarelevant to a computer-implemented game application that may affect oneor more game state parameters, including, for example and withoutlimitation, changes to player data or metadata, changes to player socialconnections or contacts, player inputs to the game, and events generatedby the game logic. In particular embodiments, each application datum mayhave a name and a value. The value of an application datum may change atany time in response to the game play of a player or in response to thegame engine (e.g., based on the game logic). In particular embodiments,an application data update occurs when the value of a specificapplication datum is changed. In particular embodiments, eachapplication event datum may include an action or event name and a value(such as an object identifier). Thus, each application datum may berepresented as a name-value pair in the batch file. The batch file mayinclude a collection of name-value pairs representing the applicationdata that have been updated at client system 1430. In particularembodiments, the batch file may be a text file and the name-value pairsmay be in string format.

In particular embodiments, when a player plays an online game on clientsystem 1430, game networking system 1420 b may serialize all thegame-related data, including, for example and without limitation, gamestates, game events, and user inputs, for this particular user and thisparticular game into a BLOB and stores the BLOB in a database. The BLOBmay be associated with an identifier that indicates that the BLOBcontains the serialized game-related data for a particular player and aparticular online game. In particular embodiments, while a player is notplaying the online game, the corresponding BLOB may be stored in thedatabase. This enables a player to stop playing the game at any timewithout losing the current state of the game the player is in. When aplayer resumes playing the game next time, game networking system 1420 bmay retrieve the corresponding BLOB from the database to determine themost-recent values of the game-related data. In particular embodiments,while a player is playing the online game, game networking system 1420 bmay also load the corresponding BLOB into a memory cache so that thegame system may have faster access to the BLOB and the game-related datacontained therein.

Example Game Networking Systems and Implementations

Returning to FIG. 1b , the components of system 150 may be connected toeach other using any suitable connections 110. For example, suitableconnections 110 include wireline (such as, for example, DigitalSubscriber Line (DSL) or Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification(DOCSIS)), wireless (such as, for example, Wi-Fi or WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)) or optical (such as, forexample, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous DigitalHierarchy (SDH)) connections. In particular embodiments, one or moreconnections 110 each include an ad hoc network, an intranet, anextranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), awireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, a portion ofthe Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cellular telephonenetwork, or another type of connection, or a combination of two or moresuch connections. Connections 110 need not necessarily be the samethroughout system 150. One or more first connections 110 may differ inone or more respects from one or more second connections 110. AlthoughFIG. 1b illustrates particular connections between player 102, socialnetworking system 108.1, game networking system 108.2, client device104, and network 106, this disclosure contemplates any suitableconnections between player 102, social networking system 108.1, gamenetworking system 108.2, client device 104, and network 106. As anexample and not by way of limitation, in particular embodiments, clientdevice 104 may have a direct connection to social network system 108.1or game networking system 108.2, bypassing network 106.

A virtual game may be hosted by the game networking system 108.2, whichcan be accessed using any suitable connection 110 with a suitable clientdevice 104. A player may have a game account on the game networkingsystem 108.2, wherein the game account may contain a variety ofinformation associated with the player (e.g., the player's personalinformation, financial information, purchase history, player characterstate, game state, etc.). In some embodiments, a player may playmultiple games on the game networking system 108.2, which may maintain asingle game account for the player with respect to the multiple games,or multiple individual game accounts for each game with respect to theplayer. In some embodiments, the game networking system 108.2 may assigna unique identifier to a player 102 of a virtual game hosted on the gamenetworking system 108.2. The game networking system 108.2 may determinethat the player 102 is accessing the virtual game by reading the user'scookies, which may be appended to HTTP requests transmitted by theclient device 104, and/or by the player 102 logging onto the virtualgame.

In some embodiments, the player 102 accesses a virtual game and controlthe game's progress via the client device 104 (e.g., by inputtingcommands to the game at the client device 104). The client device 104can display the game interface, receive inputs from the player 102,transmit user inputs or other events to the game engine, and receiveinstructions from the game engine. The game engine can be executed onany suitable system (such as, for example, the client device 104, thesocial networking system 108.1, or the game networking system 108.2).For example, the client device 104 may download client components of avirtual game, which are executed locally, while a remote game server,such as the game networking system 108.2, provides backend support forthe client components and may be responsible for maintaining applicationdata of the game, processing the inputs from the player 102, updatingand/or synchronizing the game state based on the game logic and eachinput from the player 102, and transmitting instructions to the clientdevice 104. As another example, when the player 102 provides an input tothe game through the client device 104 (such as, for example, by typingon the keyboard or clicking the mouse of the client device 104), theclient components of the game may transmit the player's input to thegame networking system 108.2.

In some embodiments, the player 102 accesses particular game instancesof a virtual game. A game instance is a copy of a specific game playarea that is created during runtime. In some embodiments, a gameinstance is a discrete game play area where one or more players 102 caninteract in synchronous or asynchronous play. A game instance may be,for example, a level, zone, area, region, location, virtual space, orother suitable play area. A game instance may be populated by one ormore in-game objects. Each object may be defined within the gameinstance by one or more variables, such as, for example, position,height, width, depth, direction, time, duration, speed, color, and othersuitable variables.

In some embodiments, a specific game instance may be associated with oneor more specific players. A game instance is associated with a specificplayer when one or more game parameters of the game instance areassociated with the specific player. For example, a game instanceassociated with a first player may be named “First Player's Play Area.”This game instance may be populated with the first player's PC and oneor more in-game objects associated with the first player.

In some embodiments, a game instance associated with a specific playeris only accessible by that specific player. For example, a first playermay access a first game instance when playing a virtual game, and thisfirst game instance may be inaccessible to all other players. In otherembodiments, a game instance associated with a specific player isaccessible by one or more other players, either synchronously orasynchronously with the specific player's game play. For example, afirst player may be associated with a first game instance, but the firstgame instance may be accessed by all first-degree friends in the firstplayer's social network.

In some embodiments, the set of in-game actions available to a specificplayer is different in a game instance that is associated with thisplayer compared to a game instance that is not associated with thisplayer. The set of in-game actions available to a specific player in agame instance associated with this player may be a subset, superset, orindependent of the set of in-game actions available to this player in agame instance that is not associated with him. For example, a firstplayer may be associated with Blackacre Farm in an online farming game,and may be able to plant crops on Blackacre Farm. If the first playeraccesses a game instance associated with another player, such asWhiteacre Farm, the game engine may not allow the first player to plantcrops in that game instance. However, other in-game actions may beavailable to the first player, such as watering or fertilizing crops onWhiteacre Farm.

In particular embodiments, one or more objects of the virtual game maybe represented as a Flash object. Flash may manipulate vector and rastergraphics, and supports bidirectional streaming of audio and video.“Flash” may mean the authoring environment, the player, or theapplication files. In particular embodiments, the client device 104 mayinclude a Flash client. The Flash client may be configured to receiveand run Flash application or game object code from any suitablenetworking system (such as, for example, the social networking system108.1 or the game networking system 108.2). In particular embodiments,the Flash client may be run in a browser client executed on the clientdevice 104. A player can interact with Flash objects using the clientdevice 104 and the Flash client. The Flash objects can represent avariety of in-game objects. Thus, the player may perform various in-gameactions on various in-game objects by making various changes and updatesto the associated Flash objects.

In particular embodiments, in-game actions can be initiated by clickingor similarly interacting with a Flash object that represents aparticular in-game object. For example, a player can interact with aFlash object to use, move, rotate, delete, attack, shoot, or harvest anin-game object. This disclosure describes performing any suitablein-game action by interacting with any suitable Flash object. Inparticular embodiments, when the player makes a change to a Flash objectrepresenting an in-game object, the client-executed game logic mayupdate one or more game state parameters associated with the in-gameobject.

To ensure synchronization between the Flash object shown to the playerat the client device 104, the Flash client may send the events thatcaused the game state changes to the in-game object to the gamenetworking system 108.2. However, to expedite the processing and hencethe speed of the overall gaming experience, the Flash client may collecta batch of some number of events or updates into a batch file. Thenumber of events or updates may be determined by the Flash clientdynamically or determined by the game networking system 108.2 based onserver loads or other factors. For example, the client device 104 maysend a batch file to the game networking system 108.2 whenever 50updates have been collected or after a threshold period of time, such asevery minute.

In particular embodiments, when the player 102 plays the virtual game onthe client device 104, the game networking system 108.2 may serializeall the game-related data, including, for example and withoutlimitation, game states, game events, user inputs, for this particularuser and this particular game into a binary large object (BLOB) andstore the BLOB in a database. The BLOB may be associated with anidentifier that indicates that the BLOB contains the serializedgame-related data for a particular player and a particular virtual game.In particular embodiments, while a player is not playing the virtualgame, the corresponding BLOB may be stored in the database. This enablesa player to stop playing the game at any time without losing the currentstate of the game the player is in. When a player resumes playing thegame next time, game networking system 108.2 may retrieve thecorresponding BLOB from the database to determine the most-recent valuesof the game-related data. In particular embodiments, while a player isplaying the virtual game, the game networking system 108.2 may also loadthe corresponding BLOB into a memory cache so that the game system mayhave faster access to the BLOB and the game-related data containedtherein.

In particular embodiments, one or more described web pages may beassociated with a networking system or networking service. However,alternate embodiments may have application to the retrieval andrendering of structured documents hosted by any type of networkaddressable resource or website. Additionally, as used herein, a usermay be an individual, a group, or an entity (such as a business orthird-party application).

In particular embodiments, one or more web pages providing theaforementioned gaming social network may be associated with a networkingsystem or networking service. However, alternate embodiments may utilizevarious software applications to result in the retrieval and renderingof structured documents hosted by any type of network addressableresource or website. Additionally, as used herein, a user may be anindividual, a group, or an entity (such as a business or third-partyapplication).

Particular embodiments may operate in a wide area network environment,such as the Internet, including multiple network addressable systems.FIG. 15 illustrates an example network environment 1500 in which variousexample embodiments may operate. The network environment 1500 mayinclude a network cloud 1560 that generally represents one or moreinterconnected networks, over which the systems and hosts describedherein, can communicate. The network cloud 1560 may include packet-basedwide area networks (such as the Internet), private networks, wirelessnetworks, satellite networks, cellular networks, paging networks, andthe like. As FIG. 15 illustrates, particular embodiments may operate inthe network environment 1500 comprising one or more networking systems,such as a social networking system 1520 a, a game networking system 1520b, and one or more client systems 1530. The components of the socialnetworking system 1520 a and the game networking system 1520 b operateanalogously; as such, hereinafter they may be referred to simply as thenetworking system 1520. The client systems 1530 are operably connectedto the network environment 1500 via a network service provider, awireless carrier, or any other suitable means.

The networking system 1520 is a network addressable system that, invarious example embodiments, comprises one or more physical servers 1522and data stores 1524. The one or more physical servers 1522 are operablyconnected to network cloud 1560 via, by way of example, a set of routersand/or networking switches 1526. In an example embodiment, thefunctionality hosted by the one or more physical servers 1522 mayinclude web or HTTP servers, FTP servers, as well as, withoutlimitation, web pages and applications implemented using Common GatewayInterface (CGI) script, PHP Hyper-text Preprocessor (PHP), Active ServerPages (ASP), Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible MarkupLanguage (XML), Java, JavaScript, Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(AJAX), Flash, ActionScript, and the like.

The network environment 1500 may include physical servers 1522 that mayhost functionality directed to the operations of the networking system1520. Hereinafter the servers 1522 may be referred to as the server1522, although the server 1522 may include numerous servers hosting, forexample, the networking system 1520, as well as other contentdistribution servers, data stores, and databases. The networkenvironment 1500 may also include a data store 1524 that may storecontent and data relating to, and enabling, operation of the networkingsystem 1520 as digital data objects. A data object, in particularembodiments, is an item of digital information typically stored orembodied in a data file, database, or record. Content objects may takemany forms, including: text (e.g., ASCII, SGML, HTML), images (e.g.,jpeg, tif and gif), graphics (vector-based or bitmap), audio, video(e.g., mpeg), or other multimedia, and combinations thereof. Contentobject data may also include executable code objects (e.g., gamesexecutable within a browser window or frame), podcasts, etc. Logically,the data store 1524 corresponds to one or more of a variety of separateand integrated databases (such as relational databases andobject-oriented databases) that maintain information as an integratedcollection of logically related records or files stored on one or morephysical systems. Structurally, data store 1524 may generally includeone or more of a large class of data storage and management systems. Inparticular embodiments, the data store 1524 may be implemented by anysuitable physical system(s) including components, such as one or moredatabase servers, mass storage media, media library systems, storagearea networks, data storage clouds, and the like. In one exampleembodiment, data store 1524 includes one or more servers, databases(e.g., MySQL), and/or data warehouses. The data store 1524 may includedata associated with different networking system 1520 users and/orclient systems 1530.

The client system 1530 is generally a computer or computing deviceincluding functionality for communicating (e.g., remotely) over acomputer network. The client system 1530 may be a desktop computer,laptop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), in- or out-of-carnavigation system, smart phone or other cellular or mobile phone, ormobile gaming device, among other suitable computing devices. The clientsystem 1530 may execute one or more client applications, such as a webbrowser (e.g., Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, AppleSafari, Google Chrome, and Opera), to access and view content over acomputer network. In particular embodiments, the client applicationsallow a user of the client system 1530 to enter addresses of specificnetwork resources to be retrieved, such as resources hosted by thenetworking system 1520. These addresses can be URLs and the like. Inaddition, once a page or other resource has been retrieved, the clientapplications may provide access to other pages or records when the user“clicks” on hyperlinks to other resources. By way of example, suchhyperlinks may be located within the web pages and provide an automatedway for the user to enter the URL of another page and to retrieve thatpage.

A web page or resource embedded within a web page, which may itselfinclude multiple embedded resources, may include data records, such asplain textual information, or more complex digitally-encoded multimediacontent, such as software programs or other code objects, graphics,images, audio signals, videos, and so forth. One prevalent markuplanguage for creating web pages is the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).Other common web browser-supported languages and technologies includethe Extensible Markup Language (XML), the Extensible Hypertext MarkupLanguage (XHTML), JavaScript, Flash, ActionScript, Cascading Style Sheet(CSS), and, frequently, Java. By way of example, HTML enables a pagedeveloper to create a structured document by denoting structuralsemantics for text and links, as well as images, web applications, andother objects that can be embedded within the page. Generally, a webpage may be delivered to a client as a static document; however, throughthe use of web elements embedded in the page, an interactive experiencemay be achieved with the page or a sequence of pages. During a usersession at the client, the web browser interprets and displays the pagesand associated resources received or retrieved from the website hostingthe page, as well as, potentially, resources from other websites.

When a user at the client system 1530 desires to view a particular webpage (hereinafter also referred to as target structured document) hostedby the networking system 1520, the user's web browser, or other documentrendering engine or suitable client application, formulates andtransmits a request to the networking system 1520. The request generallyincludes a URL or other document identifier as well as metadata or otherinformation. By way of example, the request may include informationidentifying the user, such as a user ID, as well as informationidentifying or characterizing the web browser or operating systemrunning on the user's client system 1530. The request may also includelocation information identifying a geographic location of the user'sclient system 1530 or a logical network location of the user's clientsystem 1530. The request may also include a timestamp identifying whenthe request was transmitted.

Although the example network environment 1500 described above andillustrated in FIG. 15 is described with respect to the socialnetworking system 1520 a and the game networking system 1520 b, thisdisclosure encompasses any suitable network environment using anysuitable systems. As an example and not by way of limitation, thenetwork environment may include online media systems, online reviewingsystems, online search engines, online advertising systems, or anycombination of two or more such systems.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example computing system architecture, which maybe used to implement the server 1522 or the client system 1530. In anexample embodiment, a hardware system 1600 comprises a processor 1602, acache memory 1604, and one or more executable modules and drivers,stored on a tangible computer-readable medium, directed to the functionsdescribed herein. Additionally, hardware system 1600 may include a highperformance input/output (I/O) bus 1606 and a standard I/O bus 1608. Ahost bridge 1610 may couple the processor 1602 to a high performance I/Obus 1606, whereas an I/O bus bridge 1612 couples the two buses 1606 and1608 to each other. A system memory 1614 and one or morenetwork/communication interfaces 1616 may couple to the bus 1606. Thehardware system 1600 may further include video memory (not shown) and adisplay device coupled to the video memory. A mass storage 1618 and I/Oports 1620 may couple to the bus 1608. The hardware system 1600 mayoptionally include a keyboard, a pointing device, and a display device(not shown) coupled to the bus 1608. Collectively, these elements areintended to represent a broad category of computer hardware systems,including but not limited to general purpose computer systems based onthe x86-compatible processors manufactured by Intel Corporation of SantaClara, Calif., and the x86-compatible processors manufactured byAdvanced Micro Devices (AMD), Inc., of Sunnyvale, Calif., as well as anyother suitable processor.

The elements of hardware system 1600 are described in greater detailbelow. In particular, the network interface 1616 provides communicationbetween the hardware system 1600 and any of a wide range of networks,such as an Ethernet (e.g., IEEE 802.3) network, a backplane, etc. Themass storage 1618 provides permanent storage for the data andprogramming instructions to perform the above-described functionsimplemented in the servers 1522 of FIG. 15, whereas the system memory1614 (e.g., DRAM) provides temporary storage for the data andprogramming instructions when executed by the processor 1602. The I/Oports 1620 are one or more serial and/or parallel communication portsthat provide communication between additional peripheral devices, whichmay be coupled to the hardware system 1600.

The hardware system 1600 may include a variety of system architectures,and various components of the hardware system 1600 may be rearranged.For example, the cache memory 1604 may be on-chip with the processor1602. Alternatively, the cache memory 1604 and the processor 1602 may bepacked together as a “processor module,” with the processor 1602 beingreferred to as the “processor core.” Furthermore, certain embodiments ofthe present disclosure may not include all of the above components. Forexample, the peripheral devices shown coupled to the standard I/O bus1608 may couple to the high performance I/O bus 1606. In addition, insome embodiments, only a single bus may exist, with the components ofthe hardware system 1600 being coupled to the single bus. Furthermore,the hardware system 1600 may include additional components, such asadditional processors, storage devices, or memories.

An operating system manages and controls the operation of the hardwaresystem 1600, including the input and output of data to and from softwareapplications (not shown). The operating system provides an interfacebetween the software applications being executed on the hardware system1600 and the hardware components of the hardware system 1600. Anysuitable operating system may be used, such as the LINUX OperatingSystem, the Apple Macintosh Operating System, available from AppleComputer Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., UNIX operating systems, Microsoft®Windows® operating systems, BSD operating systems, and the like. Ofcourse, other embodiments are possible. For example, the functionsdescribed herein may be implemented in firmware or on anapplication-specific integrated circuit.

Furthermore, the above-described elements and operations can becomprised of instructions that are stored on non-transitory storagemedia. The instructions can be retrieved and executed by a processingsystem. Some examples of instructions are software, program code, andfirmware. Some examples of non-transitory storage media are memorydevices, tape, disks, integrated circuits, and servers. The instructionsare operational when executed by the processing system to direct theprocessing system to operate in accord with the disclosure. The term“processing system” refers to a single processing device or a group ofinter-operational processing devices. Some examples of processingdevices are integrated circuits and logic circuitry. Those skilled inthe art are familiar with instructions, computers, and storage media.

Certain embodiments are described herein may include or be embodied inlogic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules mayconstitute either software modules (e.g., code embodied (1) on anon-transitory machine-readable medium or (2) in a transmission signal)or hardware-implemented modules. A hardware-implemented module istangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, oneor more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computersystem) or one or more processors may be configured by software (e.g.,an application or application portion) as a hardware-implemented modulethat operates to perform certain operations as described herein.

In various embodiments, a hardware-implemented module may be implementedmechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware-implementedmodule may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanentlyconfigured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integratedcircuit (ASIC)) to perform certain operations. A hardware-implementedmodule may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., asencompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmableprocessor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certainoperations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement ahardware-implemented module mechanically, in dedicated and permanentlyconfigured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g.,configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.

Accordingly, the term “hardware-implemented module” should be understoodto encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired) or temporarily ortransitorily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certainmanner and/or to perform certain operations described herein.Considering embodiments in which hardware-implemented modules aretemporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of thehardware-implemented modules need not be configured or instantiated atany one instance in time. For example, where the hardware-implementedmodules comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software,the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective differenthardware-implemented modules at different times. Software mayaccordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute aparticular hardware-implemented module at one instance of time and toconstitute a different hardware-implemented module at a differentinstance of time.

Hardware-implemented modules may provide information to, and receiveinformation from, other hardware-implemented modules. Accordingly, thedescribed hardware-implemented modules may be regarded as beingcommunicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware-implementedmodules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved throughsignal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) thatconnect the hardware-implemented modules. In embodiments in whichmultiple hardware-implemented modules are configured or instantiated atdifferent times, communications between such hardware-implementedmodules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrievalof information in memory structures to which the multiplehardware-implemented modules have access. For example, onehardware-implemented module may perform an operation, and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware-implemented module may then,at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process thestored output. Hardware-implemented modules may also initiatecommunications with input or output devices, and may operate on aresource (e.g., a collection of information).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modulesreferred to herein may, in some example embodiments, compriseprocessor-implemented modules.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of amethod may be performed by one or processors or processor-implementedmodules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributedamong the one or more processors, not only residing within a singlemachine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some exampleembodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a singlelocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as aserver farm), while in other embodiments the processors may bedistributed across a number of locations.

The one or more processors may also operate to support performance ofthe relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a“software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of theoperations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples ofmachines including processors), these operations being accessible via anetwork (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces(e.g., Application Program Interfaces (APIs).)

Miscellaneous

One or more features from any embodiment may be combined with one ormore features of any other embodiment without departing from the scopeof the disclosure. A recitation of “a”, “an,” or “the” is intended tomean “one or more” unless specifically indicated to the contrary. Inaddition, it is to be understood that functional operations, such as“awarding”, “locating”, “permitting” and the like, are executed by gameapplication logic that accesses, and/or causes changes to, various dataattribute values maintained in a database or other memory.

The present disclosure encompasses all changes, substitutions,variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodimentsherein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend.For example, the methods, game features, and game mechanics describedherein may be implemented using hardware components, softwarecomponents, and/or any combination thereof. By way of example, whileembodiments of the present disclosure have been described as operatingin connection with a networking website, various embodiments of thepresent disclosure can be used in connection with any communicationsfacility that supports web applications. Furthermore, in someembodiments the term “web service” and “website” may be usedinterchangeably and additionally may refer to a custom or generalizedAPI on a device, such as a mobile device (e.g., cellular phone, smartphone, personal GPS, personal digital assistance, personal gamingdevice, etc.), that makes API calls directly to a server. Thespecification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:receiving game play information pertaining to one or morecomputer-implemented online games, at a server, from devices coupled tothe server, wherein each device is associated with at least one of agroup of users; generating a recommendation of a potential connectionfrom the group of users for a selected user in a social network based atleast in part on: user profile information maintained for the selecteduser; the game play information associated with the group of users; andrespective game-play states of a set of players comprising one of: aplurality of players in a gameplay graph of the selected user, thegameplay graph being an in-game social graph for an associated game; ora plurality of players in a social graph of the selected user, thesocial graph being an out-of-game network or users; providing therecommendation to the selected user for accepting, at a device incommunication with the server, wherein the recommendation includes aportion of the game play information associated with the potentialconnection; and responsive to receiving acceptance by the selected userof the recommendation with respect to a candidate user indicated by thepotential connection, establishing a connection between the selecteduser and the accepted user within the social network.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the user profile information includes social graphinformation retrieved from a second social network.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, further comprising: receiving a first social graph from thesecond social network, and receiving a first gameplay graph from agaming network; wherein the recommendation of the potential connectionfor the selected user is based on the game play information associatedwith a plurality of users present in both the first social graph and thefirst gameplay graph.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein therecommendation of the potential connection is based on game playinformation that includes past cooperation or competition with theselected user.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profileinformation includes a contact list provided by the selected user thatis separate from the social network.
 6. The method of claim 5, furthercomprising: combining a first social graph with a first gameplay graphto generate the social network.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein theconnection is limited to a specific game.
 8. The method of claim 7,further comprising: maintaining separate social networks for a pluralityof games offered in a game networking system.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein the recommendation identifies recommended game play participantsthat match a preference provided by the selected user.
 10. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the preference provided by the selected user includesan age range of the game play participants.
 11. A non-transitory machinereadable medium comprising computer-readable instructions, theinstructions operable with a computer to perform operations comprising:receiving game play information pertaining to one or morecomputer-implemented online games, at a server, from devices coupled tothe server, wherein each device is associated with at least one of agroup of users; generating a recommendation of a potential connectionfrom the group of users for a selected user in a social network based atleast in part on: user profile information maintained for the selecteduser; the game play information associated with the group of users; andrespective game-play states of a set of players comprising one of: aplurality of players in a gameplay graph of the selected user, thegameplay graph being an in-game social graph for an associated game; ora plurality of players in a social graph of the selected user, thesocial graph being an out-of-game network or users; providing therecommendation to the selected user for accepting, at a device incommunication with the server, wherein the recommendation includes aportion of the game play information associated with the potentialconnection; and responsive to receiving acceptance by the selected userof the recommendation with respect to a candidate user indicated by thepotential connection, establishing a connection between the selecteduser and the accepted user within the social network.
 12. Thenon-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, comprisingcomputer-readable instructions to: receive connection data from acontact list outside of a social network or a gaming network.
 13. Thenon-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, comprisingcomputer-readable instructions to: generate the potential connectionrecommendation based at least in part on a game play frequency.
 14. Thenon-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, comprisingcomputer-readable instructions to: maintain separate social networks fora plurality of games offered in a game networking system.
 15. Acomputing system, comprising: a storage module configured to store gameplay data pertaining to one or more computer-implemented online games,at a server, from devices coupled to the server, wherein each device isassociated with at least one of a group of users; a connectionrecommendation module configured to: generate a recommendation of apotential connection from the group of users for a selected user in asocial network based at least in part on: user profile informationmaintained for the selected user; the game play information associatedwith the group of users; and respective game-play states of a pluralityof players in a gameplay graph of the selected user, the gameplay graphbeing an in-game social graph for an associated game; provide arecommendation to the selected user for acceptance of a recommendedconnection indicated by the recommendation, wherein the recommendationincludes a portion of the game play data associated with the recommendedconnection; and responsive to receiving acceptance by the selected userof the recommended connection, establishing a connection between theselected user and the recommended connection within the gaming socialnetwork.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the game play data includesreputation data.
 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising: aconnection to a social network separate from the gaming social network,a communication module configured to receive and process game play anduser data communications from the social network.
 18. The system ofclaim 17, wherein the recommendation indicated as recommendedconnections candidate users which are participating in a game theselected user is playing, the candidate users including both users thatare members of the gaming social network and users that are members ofthe social network.
 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the connectionrecommendation module receives a first social graph from the socialnetwork, and is configured to generate recommended connections based onthe first social graph.